崔国栋¹,潘众²,杨昌华³,许艳梅²,张亮¹,汪毅¹,任韶然¹

• 1:中国石油大学(华东) 石油工程学院，山东 青岛 266580
• 2:中石油华北油田，河北 任丘 062552
• 3:西安石油大学 石油工程学院，陕西 西安 710065

摘要(Abstract)：

为研究盐水层CO₂埋存过程中，CO₂注入导致的岩石流体作用对储层物性和CO₂注入性的影响，将地层水蒸发盐析与地化反应进行耦合，建立了盐水层CO₂埋存反应流动综合模型。利用该模型，分析了流体流动规律、矿物溶解/沉淀和盐析，并对储层物性进行了敏感性研究。模拟结果表明，沿CO₂运移方向，储层分为干涸区（纯CO₂渗流区）、气液两相渗流区和CO₂溶解区三个区域。盐析主要发生在干涸区域，地化反应导致的矿物溶解/沉淀反应则主要发生在气液两相渗流区和CO₂溶解区。地化反应导致的矿物溶解/沉淀分布范围大，但其变化量较小，施工阶段可忽略其对注入性的影响。而受地层水回流影响，大量NaCl被地层水携带至干涸区域前缘处析出，造成储层孔隙度和渗透率严重下降，使得盐析对CO₂注入性影响远大于矿物溶解/沉淀的影响。注入速率、地层水盐度和初始渗透率对岩盐析分布影响较大，CO₂埋存选址时，应选择合适的盐水层降低岩石流体作用对注入性的影响。

关键词(KeyWords)： 盐水层;CO₂埋存;蒸发盐析;地化反应;CO₂注入性

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金（51674282）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（17CX06006，18CX05009A）；中国石油大学（华东）研究生创新工程资助项目（YCX2017022）；十三五国家油气重大专项（2016ZX05056004-003）；长江学者和创新团队发展计划（IRT1294及1086/14R58）。

作者(Author): 崔国栋¹,潘众²,杨昌华³,许艳梅²,张亮¹,汪毅¹,任韶然¹

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-9015.2018.03.027

参考文献(References)：

• [1] De Silva G P D, Ranjith P G, Perera M S A. Geochemical aspects of CO₂ sequestration in deep saline aquifers:a review[J]. Fuel, 2015, 155:128-143.
  [2] Celia M A, Bachu S, Nordbotten J M, et al. Status of CO₂ storage in deep saline aquifers with emphasis on modeling approaches and practical simulations[J]. Water Resources Research, 2015, 51(9):6846-6892.
  [3] Baines S J, Worden R H. Geological storage of carbon dioxide[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2004, 233(1):1-6.
  [4] Herzog H, Eliasson B, Kaarstad O. Capturing greenhouse gases[J]. Scientific American, 2000, 282(2):72-79.
  [5] Chadwick A, Arts R, Bernstone C, et al. Best practice for the storage of CO₂ in saline aquifers-observations and guidelines from the SACS and CO₂store projects[M]. Swindon:Halstan & Co Ltd, 2008.
  [6] Oldenburg C M. Screening and ranking framework for geologic CO₂ storage site selection on the basis of health, safety, and environmental risk[J]. Environmental Geology, 2008, 54(8):1687-1694.
  [7] Rutqvist J. The geomechanics of CO₂ storage in deep sedimentary formations[J]. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2012, 30(3):525-551.
  [8] HU Shan (胡珊), WU Xiao-min (吴晓敏), SONG Yang (宋阳), et al. Numerical investigation on mass transfer of CO₂ storing in deep saline aquifers (二氧化碳深盐水层埋存传质数值模拟)[J]. CIESC Journal (化工学报), 2012, 63(S1):59-63.
  [9] Nghiem L, Sammon P, Grabenstetter J, et al. Modeling CO₂ storage in aquifers with a fully-coupled geochemical EOS compositional simulator[C]//Proceedings in SPE/DOE symposium on improved oil recovery. Tulsa:Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004.
  [10] Jin M, Ribeiro A, Mackay E, et al. Geochemical modelling of formation damage risk during CO₂ injection in saline aquifers[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2016, 35:703-719.
  [11] André L, Audigane P, Azaroual M, et al. Numerical modeling of fluid-rock chemical interactions at the supercritical CO₂-liquid interface during CO₂ injection into a carbonate reservoir, the Dogger aquifer (Paris Basin, France)[J]. Energy Conversion &Management, 2007, 48(6):1782-1797.
  [12] Cui G, Zhang L, Tan C, et al. Injection of supercritical CO₂ for geothermal exploitation from sandstone and carbonate reservoirs:CO₂-water-rock interactions and their effects[J]. Journal of CO₂ Utilization, 2017, 20:113-128.
  [13] Andre L, Peysson Y, Azaroual M. Well injectivity during CO₂ storage operations in deep saline aquifers-Part 2:Numerical simulations of drying, salt deposit mechanisms and role of capillary forces[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2014, 22:301-312.
  [14] Miri R, Hellevang H. Salt precipitation during CO₂ storage-a review[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2016, 51:136-147
  [15] Ott H, Roels S M, De Kloe K. Salt precipitation due to supercritical gas injection:I. Capillary-driven flow in unimodal sandstone[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2015, 43:247-255.
  [16] Cui G, Zhang L, Ren B, et al. Geothermal exploitation from depleted high temperature gas reservoirs via recycling supercritical CO₂:heat mining rate and salt precipitation effects[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 183:837-852.
  [17] Wilke C R, Chang P. Correlation of diffusion coefficients in dilute solutions[J]. AIChE Journal, 1955, 1(2):264-270.
  [18] Reid R C, Prausnitz J M, Sherwood T K. The properties of gases and liquids[M]. 3rd ed. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1977.
  [19] LI Lan-lan (李兰兰). Determination of diffusion coefficients of CO₂ and CH₄ in NaCl aqueous solutions under wide temperature-pressure conditions by in situ micro-Raman spectroscopy (显微激光拉曼光谱原位测定广阔温压条件下CO₂、CH₄在盐水溶液中的扩散系数)[D]. Wuhan (武汉):China University of Geosciences (中国地质大学), 2013.
  [20] Tamimi A, Rinker E B, Sandall O C. Diffusion coefficients for hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide in water over the temperature range 293~368 K[J]. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 1994, 39(2):330-332.
  [21] GUO Biao (郭彪), HOU Ji-rui (侯吉瑞), YU Chun-lei (于春磊), et al. Determination of diffusion coefficient for carbon dioxide in the porous media (CO₂在多孔介质中扩散系数的测定)[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities (石油化工高等学校学报), 2009, 22(4):38-40.
  [22] CUI Guo-dong (崔国栋), REN Shao-ran (任韶然), ZHANG Liang (张亮), et al. Effects of rock-fluid interaction and water back flow on heat mining efficiency of geothermal development via carbon dioxide injection (二氧化碳羽流地热系统中地层水回流和岩石-流体作用对采热能力的影响)[J]. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities (高校化学工程学报), 2016, 30(5):1043-1052.
  [23] Alkattan M, Oelkers E H, Dandurand J L, et al. Experimental studies of halite dissolution kinetics, 1. The effect of saturation state and the presence of trace metals[J]. Chemical Geology, 1997, 137(3-4):201-219.
  [24] Borgia A, Pruess K, Kneafsey T J, et al. Numerical simulation of salt precipitation in the fractures of a CO₂-enhanced geothermal system[J]. Geothermics, 2012, 44:13-22.
  [25] Kim K Y, Han W S, Oh J, et al. Characteristics of salt-precipitation and the associated pressure build-up during CO₂ storage in saline aquifers[J]. Transport in Porous Media, 2012, 92(2):397-418.
  [26] Peng D Y, Robinson D B. A new two-constant equation of state[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 1976, 15(1):59-64.
  [27] Saul A, Wagner W. International equations for the saturation properties of ordinary water substance[J]. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 1987, 16(4):893-901.
  [28] Rowe Jr A M, Chou J C S. Pressure-volume-temperature-concentration relation of aqueous sodium chloride solutions[J]. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 1970, 15(1):61-66.
  [29] Li Y K, Nghiem L X. Phase equilibria of oil, gas and water/brine mixtures from a cubic equation of state and Henry's law[J]. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1986, 64(3):486-496.
  [30] Harvey A H. Semiempirical correlation for Henry's constants over large temperature ranges[J]. AIChE Journal, 1996, 42(5):1491-1494.
  [31] Kumar A, Datta-Gupta A, Shekhar R, et al. Modeling time lapse seismic monitoring of CO₂ sequestration in hydrocarbon reservoirs including compositional and geochemical effects[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology, 2008, 26(7-8):887-911.
  [32] Corey A T. The interrelation between gas and oil relative permeabilities[J]. Producers Monthly, 1954, 19(1):38-41.
  [33] Van Genuchten M T. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1980, 44(5):892-898.