张宇,姚宗路,冯晶,罗娟,于佳动,张沛祯,申瑞霞

• 1:中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所
• 2:农业农村部华北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

近年来微塑料污染问题日益凸显，对生态环境与人类健康的潜在威胁备受关注。好氧堆肥技术作为农业废弃物资源化利用中的有效途径，在微塑料降解方面展现出较好效果和应用前景。文中系统梳理了农业废弃物堆肥体系和有机肥中微塑料的污染特征，包括类型、形状、粒径分布及丰度等，并阐述了微塑料对土壤生态系统的影响，深入探析了好氧堆肥过程中微塑料的物理破碎、化学降解与微生物转化等多阶段协同降解机制。此外，重点分析了超高温堆肥、生物炭强化和微生物菌剂强化等堆肥技术对微塑料降解效果的促进作用。最后展望了农业废弃物堆肥降解微塑料的未来研究方向，以期为发展高效、实用的微塑料好氧堆肥降解技术提供理论依据和有益参考。

关键词(KeyWords)： 农业废弃物;微塑料;堆肥;超高温堆肥;生物炭;菌剂

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 西藏自治区重点研发计划(XZ202501ZY0034);; 新疆揭榜挂帅项目(XJJBGS-MG202400);; 现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC08-2026)

作者(Author): 张宇,姚宗路,冯晶,罗娟,于佳动,张沛祯,申瑞霞

参考文献(References)：

• [1]刘彤瑶,辛艺,刘杏忠,等.微生物降解塑料的研究进展[J].生物工程学报,2021,37(8):2688-2702.LIU T Y,XIN Y,LIU X Z,et al.Advances in microbial degradation of plastics[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2021,37(8):2688-2702.
• [2]HEN Z Y,ZHENG Y H,LIU X Q,et al.Research progress in microbial degradation of common plastics[J].Chemistry&Bioengineering,2024,41(2):13-25.
• [3]GEYER R,JAMBECK J R,LAW K L,et al.Production,use,and fate of all plastics ever made[J].Science Advances,2017,3(7):e1700782.
• [4]JAR ABE J G P,TORRES A G,GUIHAWAN J Q,et al.Occurrence of COVID-19-Related Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)litter in mangroves and beaches in Davao City,Philippines[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2023,234:395.
• [5]RAKIB M R J,ERTAs A,WALKER T R,et al.Macro marine litter survey of sandy beaches along the Cox's Bazar Coast of Bay of Bengal,Bangladesh:land-based sources of solid litter pollution[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2022,174:113246.
• [6]LI J,YU S,YU Y,et al.Effects of microplastics on higher plants:A review[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2022,109:241-265.
• [7]MINTENIG S,INT-VEEN I,L??DER M,et al.Identification of microplastic in effluents of waste water treatment plants using focal plane array-based micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging[J].Water Research,2017,108:365-372.
• [8]ZHANG J J,GUO N,DING W C,et al.Microplastic pollution and the related ecological risks of organic composts from different raw materials[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2023,458:131911.
• [9]ZHANG J J,LI Z S,ZHOU X L,et al.Long-term application of organic compost is the primary contributor to microplastic pollution of soils in a wheat-maize rotation[J].The Science of the total environment,2022,866:161123.
• [10]SUN Y,REN X,RENE E R,et al.The degradation performance of different microplastics and their effect on microbial community during composting process[J].Bioresource Technology,2021,332:125133.
• [11]XING R Z,SUN H Y,DU X,et al.Enhanced degradation of microplastics during sludge composting via microbiallydriven Fenton reaction[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2023,449:131031.1-131031.10.
• [12]肖建华,魏素珍.堆肥体系中的微塑料污染及消减策略[J].环境科学与技术,2024,47(1):64-74.XIAO J H,WEI S Z.Microplastic pollution and mitigation strategies in composting systems[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2024,47(1):64-74.
• [13]HAYANY E B,FELS E L,QU??N??A K,et al.Microplastics from lagooning sludge to composts as revealed by fluorescent stainingimage analysis,Raman spectroscopy and pyrolysis-GC/MS[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2020,275:1249.
• [14]杨杰,涂晨,李瑞杰,等.不同类别粪便堆肥中微塑料赋存特征及区域差异[J].生态与农村环境学报,2023,39(5):576-583.YANG J,TU C,LI R J,et al.Occurrence characteristics and regional differences of microplastics in different types of manure compost[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2023,39(5):576-583.
• [15]GUI J,SUN Y,WANG J,et al.Microplastics in composting of rural domestic waste:abundance,characteristics,and release from the surface of macroplastics[J].Environmental Pollution,2021,274:116-153.
• [16]WEITHMANN N,M??LLER J N,L??DER M G J,et al.Organic fertilizer as a vehicle for the entry of microplastic into the environment[J].Science Advances,2018,4(4):8060.
• [17]WU R,CAI Y,CHEN Y,et al.Occurrence of microplastic in livestock and poultry manure in South China[J].Environmental Pollution,2021,277:116790.
• [18]JIE Y,RUIJIE L,QIAN Z,et al.Abundance and morphology of microplastics in an agricultural soil following long-term repeated application of pig manure[J].Environmental Pollution,2020,272:116028.
• [19]BAO R,WANG Z,QI H,et al.Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in wastewater treatment plant in a tropical region of China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2022,349:131454.
• [20]赵文琪.超高温堆肥去除污泥微塑料及其微生物-化学耦合机制[D].福州:福建农林大学,2019.ZHAO W Q.Removal of microplastics from sludge by ultra-high-temperature composting and its microbial-chemical coupling mechanism[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2019.
• [21]王词稼.大连傅家庄海滩垃圾及微塑料污染综合分析[C]//华东师范大学,上海市海洋湖沼学会,中国土壤学会环境微塑料工作组.第四届全国(海洋)环境微塑料污染与管控学术研讨会摘要集.国家海洋环境监测中心,2023:31-36.WANG C J.Comprehensive analysis of litter and microplastic pollution on fuzhijiazhuang beach in dalian[C]//East China Normal University,Shanghai Society of Ocean and Lakes,Environmental Microplastics Working Group of the Chinese Soil Society.Abstracts of the 4th National(Marine)Academic Seminar on Microplastic Pollution and Control.National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,2023:31-36.
• [22]WU X,HOU H,LIU Y,et al.Microplastics affect rice(Oryza sativa L.)quality by interfering metabolite accumulation and energy expenditure pathways:A field study[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2022,422:126834.
• [23]谢谚.土壤微塑料污染及微生物降解研究进展[J].化工环保,2024,44(1):21-27.XIE YAN.Research progress on soil microplastic pollution and microbial degradation[J].Chemical Industry and Environmental Protection,2024,44(1):21-27.
• [24]ZHANG C,YUE N,LI X H,et al.Potential translocation process and effects of polystyrene microplastics on steawberry seedlings[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2023,449:131019.
• [25]LIU B S,LI W F,PAN X L,et al.The persistently breaking trade-offs of three-decade plastic film mulching:Microplastic pollution,soil degradation and reduced cotton yield[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2022,439:129586.
• [26]MENG F,YANG X,RIKSEN M,et al.Response of common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)growth to soil contaminated with microplastics[J].Science of the Total Environment,2021,755:142516.
• [27]PFLUGMACHER S,TALLINEN S,KIM Y J,et al.Ageing affects microplastic toxicity over time:Effects of aged polycarbonate on germination,growth,and oxidative stress of Lepidium sativum[J].Science of the Total Environment,2021,790:148-166.
• [28]QI Y L,OSSOWICKI A,YANG X M,et al.Effects of plantic mulch film residues on wheat rhizosphere and soil properties[J].Jou rnal of Hazardous Materials,2020,387:121-711.
• [2 9]LIU Y,XU F,DING L,et al.Microplastics reduce nitrogen uptake in peanut plants by damaging root cells and impairing soil nitrogen cycling[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2023,443:4197659.
• [30]LEI L,WU S,LU S,et al.Microplastic particles cause intestinal damage and other adverse effects in zebrafish Danio rerio and nematode Caenorhabditis elegans[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,619(56):1-8.
• [31]DING W,LI Z,QI R,et al.Effect thresholds for the Earthworm Eisenia fetida:Toxicity comparison between conventional and biodegradable microplastics[J].Science of the Total Environment,2021,781:146884.
• [32]ZHU D,CHEN Q L,AN X L,et al.Exposure of soil collembolans to microplastics perturbs their gut mierobiota and alters their isotopic composition[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2018,116:302-310.
• [33]ZHU B K,FANG Y M,ZHU D,et al.Exposure to nanoplastics disturbs the gut microbiome in the soil oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,239:408-415.
• [34]SEELEY M E,SONG B,PASSIE R,et al.Microplastics affect sedimentary micrebial communities and nitrogen cycling[J].Nature Communications,2020,11:2372.
• [35]SHAH T,ALI A,HAIDER G,et al.Microplastics alter soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure without negatively affecting plant growth in an agroecosystem[J].Chemosphere,2023,322:138188.1-138188.10.
• [36]WEI W,HUANG Q,SUN J,et al.Polyvinyl chloride microplastics affect methane production from the anaerobic digestion of wasteactivated sludge through leaching toxic bisphenol-A[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2019,53(5):250-297.
• [37]BSRILI S,BERNETTI A,SANNINO C,et al.Impact of PVC microplastics on soil chemical and microbiological parameters[J].Environmental Research,2023,229:115891.
• [38]孙越.微塑料对牛粪好氧堆肥的影响及其降解研究[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2022.SUN Y.Study on the Impact of microplastics on aerobic composting of cow manure and their degradation[D].Xianyang:Northwest A&F University,2022.
• [39]CHENG Z K,ZHONG J H,SONG Z,et al.Formation of environmentally persistent free radicals on microplastics under light irradiation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2019,53(14):8177-8186.
• [40]GUI J X,SUN Y,WANG J L,et al.Microplastics in compost-ing of rural domestic waste:abundance,characteristics,and release from the surface of macroplastics[J].Environmental,2021,274(9):116553.
• [41]SONG J H,MURPHY R J,NARAYAN R,et al.Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B,Biological Sciences,2009,364(1526):2127-2139.
• [42]YUAN J,MA J,SUN Y,et al.Microbial degradation and other environmental aspects of microplastics/plastics[J].Science of the Total Environment,2020,715:136968.
• [43]毕鑫祺,龚志伟,马杰,等.好氧/厌氧环境对微生物降解典型微塑料效能影响研究[J].环境工程,2024,42(7):88-97.BI X Q,GONG Z W,MA J,et al.Study on the Effect of Aerobic/Anaerobic Environments on Microbial Degradation Efficiency of Typical Microplastics[J].Environmental Engineering,2024,42(7):88-97.
• [44]张强.高温堆肥降解污泥微塑料及微生物代谢耦合机制[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2021.ZHANG Q.Coupling mechanism of microplastic degradation and microbial metabolism in high-temperature composting of sludge[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2021.
• [45]陶樱鹭,王明丽,王凯玫,等.厌氧消化和好氧堆肥对城市污泥中新污染物的削减[J].环境污染与防治,2024,46(4):575-582.TAO Y L,WANG ML,WANG KM,et al.Reduction of emerging contaminants in municipal sludge by anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2024,46(4):575-582.
• [46]崔鹏,艾超凡,廖汉鹏,等.超高温堆肥微生物群落强化产热功能特征分析[J].土壤学报,2022,59(6):1660-1669.CUI P,AI C F,LIAO H P,et al.Analysis of the characteristics of enhanced thermogenic function of microbial communities in ultrahigh temperature composting[J].Acta Pedolo gica Sinica,2022,59(6):1660-1669.
• [47]ATIQ N,AHMED S,ALI M I,et al.Isolation and identification of polystyrene biodegrading bacteria from soil[J].African Journal ofMicrobiology Research,2010,4(14):1537.
• [48]CHEN Z,ZHAO W Q,XING R Z,et al.Enhanced in situ biodegradation of microplastics in sewage sludge using hyperthermophilic composting technology[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2020,384:121271.
• [49]ZHOU S X,KONG F L,LU L,et al.Biochar-An effective additive for improving quality and reducing ecological risk of compost:A global meta-analysis[J].Science of The Total Environment,2021,806(4):151439.
• [50]ZHAO S X,SCHMIDT S,QIN W,et al.Towards the circular nitrogen economy-A global meta-analysis of composting technologies reveals much potential for mitigating nitrogen losses[J].Science of the Total Environment,2020,704:13 5401.
• [51]HAO J K,WEI Z M,WEI D,et al.Roles of adding biochar and montmorillonite alone on reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals during chicken manure composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2019,294:122199.
• [52]ZAINUDIN M H,MUSTAPHA N A,MAEDA T,et al.Biochar enhanced the nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial communities during the composting of poultry manure and rice straw[J].Waste Management,2020,106:240-249.
• [53]S??NCHEZ-MONEDERO M A,S??NCHEZ-GARC??A M,ALBURQUERQUE J A,et al.Biochar reduces volatile organic compounds generated during chicken manure composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2019,288:121584.
• [54]RAVINDRAN B B,KARMEGAM N,AWASTHI M K,et al.Valorization of food waste and poultry manure through co-composting amending saw dust,biochar and mineral salts for value-added compost production[J].Bioresource Technology,2021,346:126442.
• [55]ZHOU G X,XU X F,QIU X W,et al.Biochar influences the succession of microbial communities and the metabolic functions during rice straw composting with pig manure[J].Bioresource Technology,2019,272:10-18.
• [56]PISCHEDDA A,TO SIN M,DEGLI-INNOCENTI F.Biodegradation of plastics in soil:the effect of temperature[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2019,170:109017.
• [57]VANDECASTEELE B,SINICCO T,D'HOSE T,et al.Biochar amendment before or after composting affects compost quality and N losses,but not P plant uptake[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,168:200-209.
• [58]STEINER C,BAYODE A,RALEBITSO-SENIOR T K.Feedstock and production parameters:effects on biochar properties and microbial communities[J].Biochar Application,2016,40(3):41-54.
• [59]SONG C H,ZHAO Y,PAN D L,et al.Heavy metals passivation driven by the interaction of organic fractions and functional bacteria during biochar/montmorillonite-amended composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2021,3 29:12492 3.
• [60]SUN D Q,LAN Y,XU E G,et al.Biochar as a novel niche for culturing microbial communities in composting[J].Waste Management,2016,54:93-100.
• [61]GUO H,GU J,WANG X,et al.Microbial mechanisms related to the effects of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar on the degradation of organic matter and methane emissions during composting[J].Environmental Pollution,2020,272:116013.
• [62]HE X Q,YIN H J,FANG C,et al.Metagenomic and q-PCR analysis reveals the effect of powder bamboo biochar on nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions during aerobic composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2021,323:124567.
• [63]KHAN N,CLARK I,SANCHEZ-MONEDERO M A,et al.Maturity indices in co-composting of chicken manure and sawdust with biochar[J].Bio resource Technology,2014,168(1):245-251.
• [64]SUN X,AWASTHI K M.Synergistic effect and mechanism analysis of biochar regulator on heavy metal passivation and microplastic degradation in sewage sludge compost.[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2025,494:138551.
• [65]SALINAS J,GALLARDO M R M,JURADO M M,et al.Construction of versatile plastic-degrading microbial consortia based on ligninolytic microorganisms associated with agricultural waste composting[J].Environmental pollution(Barking,Essex:1987),2024,366:125333.
• [66]HERRERA D A G,MOJICEVIC M,PANTELIC B,et al.Exploring microorganisms from plastic-polluted sites:unveiling plastic degradation and pha production potential[J].Microorganisms,2023,11:29-44.